Ungalukhetha kanjani uhlobo lwenzwa ye-IoT efanele?
I-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT) isho inethiwekhi lapho amathuluzi ahlukahlukene, izinzwa, nemishini ixhumeke enye kwenye futhi ekwazi ukuxhumana nokushintshisana ngedatha nge-inthanethi. Izinzwa ze-IoT dlala indima ebalulekile njengezingxenye ezibalulekile ezinhlelweni zikagesi ezisebenzisana nomhlaba obonakalayo. Baguqula izenzakalo zomhlaba wangempela zibe amasignali kagesi alinganisekayo, okuzenza zibaluleke ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinzwa ze-IoT. Sikhetha kanjani inzwa evumelana kangcono nezidingo zethu zomsebenzi phakathi kwezinzwa eziningi ze-IoT?
Yiziphi izinzwa ze-IoT?
Inzwa ye-IoT iyidivayisi eklanyelwe ukuhlonza noma ukulinganisa izici ezibonakalayo, okuhlanganisa izinga lokushisa, ukucindezela, ukukhanya, umsindo, noma ukunyakaza. Lokhu ikwenza ngokuguqula la manani aphathekayo abe amasiginali kagesi noma amanye angahunyushwa futhi acutshungulwe amasistimu ekhompyutha noma ezinye izinto zikagesi. Izinzwa ze-IoT zisetshenziswa emikhakheni eminingi efana nezinhlelo zokulawula izimboni, ucwaningo lwesayensi, ugesi wabathengi, ukwakhiwa kwamadolobha, kanye nemishini yezokwelapha. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezihlukene zezinzwa ze-IoT ezingahlukaniswa ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezifana nobuchwepheshe obungenawaya, umthombo wamandla, ubuchwepheshe bezinzwa nokucubungula, i-form factor, nokunye.
Ungakhetha kanjani izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinzwa ze-IoT
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinzwa ze-IoT zihlangabezana nezidingo nezidingo zakho ezithile, kunezici ezimbalwa okufanele zicatshangelwe phakathi nenqubo yokukhetha:
Ibanga: Isici esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe ububanzi benzwa kanye nokufaneleka kwayo esimweni sakho sokusebenzisa esithile. Uma udinga ukuqapha indawo enkulu, izinzwa ze-LoRaWAN nezinzwa ze-5G kuzoba ukukhetha okuhle, kuyilapho izinzwa ze-Bluetooth nezinzwa ze-NFC zinamabanga amafushane.
Ukunemba kwedatha: Cabangela ukunemba kokufundwa kwedatha yenzwa. Khetha izinzwa ezifana nezinzwa ze-Wi-Fi noma izinzwa ze-GSM ezinikeza idatha enembile nethembekile futhi esebenza kahle.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwamandlanje: Uma ikesi lakho lokusebenzisa lidinga impilo yebhethri ende, khetha inzwa esebenzisa amandla aphansi. Izinketho zamandla aphansi njengezinzwa ze-Bluetooth nezinzwa ze-Z-Wave ziyatholakala kumadivayisi asebenza ngebhethri.
Ukuhambisana: Cabanga ukuthi ingabe inzwa ye-IoT iyahambisana yini namanye amadivaysi nesofthiwe esetshenziswa ohlelweni lwe-IoT.
Isivinini sokudlulisa idatha: Cabangela inzwa’s izinga lokudluliswa kwedatha nokuthi lanele yini esimweni sakho sokusebenzisa. Isibonelo, uma udinga ukuqoqa idatha ngesikhathi sangempela, ungakhetha izinzwa ze-Wi-Fi noma izinzwa ze-5G.
Izimo zemvelo: Cabangela izimo zemvelo lapho inzwa izosetshenziswa khona. Isibonelo, uma inzwa izovezwa ezingeni lokushisa elidlulele noma umswakama, kungase kudingeke ukuthi udizayine inzwa ukuze isebenze ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo.
Izindleko: Izindleko zezinzwa ze-IoT ziwukucatshangelwa okubalulekile ngoba kuthinta isabelomali sonke sohlelo lwe-IoT. Izinto ezimbalwa ezithinta izindleko, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lwenzwa, ububanzi, isivinini sokudlulisa idatha, ukunemba, kanye nesici sefomu.
Yiziphi izimboni ezingazuza ezinhlotsheni zezinzwa ze-IoT
Izinzwa ze-IoT zinezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezimbonini nasezinkundleni eziningi. Nazi izibonelo ezivamile:
Izindlu Nezakhiwo Ezihlakaniphile: Izinzwa ze-IoT zingasetshenziswa ukuqapha nokulawula izinga lokushisa, ukukhanya, nezinye izici zemvelo ezindlini nezakhiwo. Lesi sici sisiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla futhi sinciphise izindleko.
I-Industrial Automation and Control: Izinzwa ze-IoT zingasetshenziswa ezindaweni zezimboni ukuqapha nokulawula imishini nemishini, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise ukusebenza kahle nokunciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula.
Ezolimo nokulima: Izinzwa ze-IoT zingasetshenziswa ukuqapha umswakama wenhlabathi, izinga lokushisa nezinye izici zemvelo ukuze kwandiswe isivuno sezitshalo nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ezolimo.
Ukunakekelwa Kwezempilo kanye Nokuqapha Kwezempilo: Izinzwa ze-IoT zingasetshenziswa ukuqapha izimpawu ezibalulekile zesiguli, ukulandelela ukuthotshelwa kwemithi, nokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokuqapha isiguli ezikude.
Ezokuthutha kanye Logistics: Izinzwa ze-IoT zingasetshenziswa ukulandelela izimoto nempahla, ukuthuthukisa imizila yokulethwa nokuqapha ukuziphatha komshayeli.
Ukuqapha Imvelo: Izinzwa ze-IoT zingasetshenziselwa ukuqapha izinga lomoya nelamanzi, ukulandelela amaphethini wesimo sezulu, nokubona izinhlekelele zemvelo ukuze kunikwe amandla ukuqapha kwemvelo kanye nezinhlelo zokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi.
Ukudayisa Nokukhangisa: Izinzwa ze-IoT zingasetshenziswa ukulandelela ukuziphatha nezintandokazi zamakhasimende, ukwenza izikhangiso zibe ngezakho kanye namaphromoshini, nokuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kwempahla.
Ezokuphepha Nokugada: Izinzwa ze-IoT zingathola futhi ziqaphe imicimbi ehlukahlukene noma imisebenzi futhi zithumele izexwayiso kubasebenzi bezokuphepha noma kubahlali bezakhiwo uma kutholwa noma yimuphi umsebenzi osolisayo. Ngokusebenzisa izinzwa ze-IoT, izinhlangano zingathuthukisa amandla azo okuphepha kanye nokugada, zithuthukise ukuphepha komphakathi futhi zivikele izimpahla ezibalulekile.
Eqinisweni, izibonelo ezinikeziwe zihlanganisa kuphela ingxenye encane yohlu olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza zezinzwa ze-IoT. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuvela, singalindela izimo zokusetshenziswa ezinomthelela kakhulu ukuthi zivele esikhathini esizayo.
Intuthuko emakethe ye-IoT Sensor Technology
Intuthuko kubuchwepheshe bezinzwa ze-IoT iholele ekutheni kube nezinzwa ezincane, ezonga amandla, ezixhumeke kakhulu ezikwazi ukuqoqa nokucubungula idatha eminingi kunangaphambili. Ngokuthuthuka kokuhlaziywa kwedatha nokufunda komshini, le datha ingahlaziywa ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze kunikezwe imininingwane ebalulekile futhi yazise ngokuthathwa kwezinqumo. Ukwengeza, izinzwa ze-IoT manje ziza nezinketho ezihlukahlukene zokuxhuma okungenantambo, okuhlanganisa i-Bluetooth, i-Wi-Fi, namanethiwekhi weselula, anweba izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaba khona zezinhlelo ze-IoT. Ukuze kuvikelwe idatha eqoqwe yilezi zinzwa ekusongelweni kwe-inthanethi okungaba khona, izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifana nokubethela kanye nezivumelwano zokuqinisekisa ziye zathuthukiswa futhi zasetshenziswa.
Ikusasa lobuchwepheshe bezinzwa ze-IoT nalo libukeka lithembisa, ngentuthuko elindelwe ekuxhumekeni kwe-5G, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, i-edge computing, izinzwa ezizimele kanye nokusimama kwemvelo. Le ntuthuko izoletha izicelo ezintsha kanye namacala okusetshenziswa kuzo zonke izimboni ezahlukahlukene, okubandakanya ezokunakekelwa kwempilo, ezokuthutha, ezokukhiqiza nezolimo, phakathi kokunye. Sekukonke, ikusasa lobuchwepheshe bezinzwa ze-IoT kungenzeka libone intuthuko eyengeziwe ekuxhumekeni, amandla okucubungula, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nokusimama, okuzovumela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha kanye namacala okusebenzisa kuwo wonke uhla lwezimboni.
Ekuphetheni
Sekukonke, izinzwa ze-IoT zidlala indima ebalulekile ekusetshenzisweni ngempumelelo kwezixazululo ze-IoT kuzo zonke izimboni ezahlukahlukene. Lezi zinzwa zingaqoqa idatha engase isetshenziselwe ukuthuthukisa izinqubo, ukuthuthukisa ukuthathwa kwezinqumo, nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kukonke. Kodwa-ke, ukuthembeka kanye nekhwalithi yezinzwa ezisetshenzisiwe kubalulekile empumelelweni yesisombululo se-IoT. Ngakho-ke, izici ezifana nobubanzi, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, isivinini sokudluliswa kwedatha, nezimo zemvelo kufanele zicatshangelwe ngokucophelela lapho kukhethwa uhlobo lwenzwa.