Zisebenza kanjani izinzwa ze-IoT
Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe, i-Intanethi Yezinto (IoT) isiyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwethu. Umnyombo we-inthanethi Yezinto uwukuxhumanisa yonke into futhi ubone ukushintshana nokwabelana ngolwazi, kanye Izinzwa ze-IoT dlala indima ebalulekile kule nqubo. Zisebenza njengebhuloho phakathi komhlaba ophathekayo nowedijithali, zisinikeza idatha ecebile, yesikhathi sangempela ukuze usisize siphathe kangcono futhi sithuthukise izimpilo zethu. Le ndatshana izokwethula ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi izinzwa ze-IoT zisebenza kanjani futhi zihlole izinhlelo zazo zokusebenza emikhakheni ehlukahlukene.
Imisebenzi nezinhlobo zezinzwa ze-IoT
Inzwa ye-IoT iyithuluzi elikwazi ukubona, ukukala, futhi lirekhode amapharamitha ahlukahlukene endaweni (njengezinga lokushisa, umswakama, ukukhanya, umfutho womoya, njll.). Badlulisela idatha eqoqiwe emafini ngamanethiwekhi angenantambo ukuze kucutshungulwe futhi kuhlaziywe, banikeze ulwazi lwesikhathi sangempela nolunembile lwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene.
Ngokuya ngamapharamitha wokutholwa ahlukene, izinzwa ze-IoT zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene njengezinzwa lokushisa nomswakama, izinzwa zokukhanya, izinzwa zomfutho womoya, nezinzwa zesithombe.
Zisebenza kanjani izinzwa ze-IoT
Umgomo wokusebenza wezinzwa ze-IoT ungahlukaniswa ngezinyathelo ezintathu eziyinhloko: ukuzwa, ukudlulisa nokucubungula.
1. Ukubona
Izinzwa ze-IoT zizwa futhi zikala amapharamitha emvelo ngesikhathi sangempela kusetshenziswa izakhi zokuzwa ezakhelwe ngaphakathi, ezifana nama-temperature probes, ama-hygrometers, njll. Lezi zakhi zokuzwa zingaguqula amapharamitha emvelo abe amasignali kagesi ngokusekelwe ezinguqukweni ezithile zomzimba noma zamakhemikhali.
2. Ukudluliswa
Uma inzwa ishintsha kumapharamitha wendawo, idlulisela idatha emafini ngenethiwekhi engenantambo. Inqubo yokudlulisa imvamisa isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe benethiwekhi yendawo ebanzi yamandla aphansi (LPWAN), obufana ne-LoRa, i-NB-IoT, njll. Lobu buchwepheshe bufaka ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi nokudluliswa kwebanga elide, futhi bufanele ukudluliswa kwedatha kusuka kuzinzwa ze-IoT.
3. Isebenzisa
Ngemuva kokuthi ifu lithole idatha edluliswa inzwa, izoyicubungula futhi iyihlaziye. Ngokuhlaziya idatha ngama-algorithms namamodeli, ulwazi oluwusizo lungakhishwa futhi izenzo ezihambisanayo zohlelo lokusebenza zingaqalwa. Isibonelo, uma inzwa yezinga lokushisa ithola ukuthi izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, isistimu yamafu ingathumela iziyalezo emshinini wokupholisa umoya ukuze ulungise izinga lokushisa lasendlini.
Izicelo ze-IoT Sensors
Izinzwa ze-IoT zinezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa ezijwayelekile.
1. Ikhaya elihlakaniphile
Emkhakheni wekhaya elihlakaniphile, izinzwa ze-IoT zingathola ukulawula okuzenzakalelayo kwamadivayisi ahlakaniphile asekhaya. Ngokuqapha imingcele yezemvelo yasendlini ngesikhathi sangempela, izinhlelo zasekhaya ezihlakaniphile zinganikeza abasebenzisi indawo yokuhlala enethezekile neyonga amandla. Isibonelo, inzwa yokukhanya izwa amandla okukhanya kwangaphakathi futhi ilungise ngokuzenzakalela ukuvuleka nokuvala kwamakhethini ukuze kugcinwe ukukhanya kwangaphakathi kukhululekile.
2. Ukuqapha kwezimboni
Izinzwa ze-IoT zingasetshenziswa ukuqapha izimo zokusebenza kwemishini ngesikhathi sangempela, ukubikezela ukwehluleka kwemishini, nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Ngasikhathi sinye, bangasiza futhi amabhizinisi ukuthi enze kahle ukuphatha amandla futhi anciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nezindleko zokukhiqiza. Isibonelo, izinzwa zokushisa nomswakama zingaqapha izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama wezindawo zokugcina izimpahla ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi nokuphepha kwezinto ezigciniwe.
3. Ubuhlakani bezolimo
Izinzwa ze-IoT zingasetshenziswa ekuqaphelweni kwenhlabathi, ukuhlola isimo sezulu, njll. emkhakheni wezolimo. Lokhu kusiza ukwandisa isivuno sezitshalo, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi, futhi kuzuze intuthuko yezolimo esimeme.
4. Ukuphathwa kwedolobha
Izinzwa ze-IoT zisiza ukwakha amadolobha ahlakaniphile. Isibonelo, ohlelweni lokuqapha ukuminyana kwethrafikhi, izinzwa ezitholwayo zezimoto zingaqapha inombolo yezimoto zomgwaqo ngesikhathi sangempela futhi ziphakele idatha zibuyele esikhungweni sokuphatha ithrafikhi ukuze zisize ukuthuthukisa ukuthunyelwa kwamarobhothi futhi zithuthukise ukusebenza kahle komgwaqo.
5. Impilo yezokwelapha
Emkhakheni wezempilo yezokwelapha, izinzwa ze-IoT zingasetshenziswa ukuqapha iziguli’ amapharamitha bokuphila ngesikhathi sangempela futhi ahlinzeke odokotela ngesisekelo zokuxilonga. Lokhu kusiza ukuthuthukisa ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha futhi kunciphise ukuhlupheka kwesiguli kanye nengozi yezinkinga.
Izinselelo namathemba okuthuthukiswa kwezinzwa ze-IoT
Nakuba izinzwa ze-IoT zibonise amandla amakhulu ohlelo lokusebenza emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, zisabhekene nezinselele ezithile, njengokuphepha kwedatha, ukuvikelwa kobumfihlo, ukusebenzisana kwedivayisi, njll. Ngokuzayo, ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kanye nokuqanjwa okusha kobuchwepheshe, izinzwa ze-IoT zizohlakanipha kakhulu, zibe namandla amancane futhi zibe namandla aphansi, futhi izinkambu zohlelo lwazo zizokwandiswa ngokwengeziwe. Isibonelo, izinzwa ze-IoT kumadivayisi agqokekayo zizohambisana kakhulu nezidingo zomzimba womuntu futhi zizuze ukuqapha nokuphathwa kwezempilo okunembe kakhudlwana; ekuphathweni kwamadolobha, izinzwa ze-IoT zizosiza ukufeza izinhloso ezifana nokuhamba ngobuchule nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, futhi kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yabahlali basemadolobheni. izinga lempilo.
Isiphetho
Izinzwa ze-IoT ziyaqaphela ukuqapha kwemingcele yemvelo kanye nokudluliswa kwedatha ngezinyathelo ezintathu zokuzwa, ukudlulisa nokucubungula, ukuhlinzeka ngezixazululo ezihlakaniphile nezizenzekelayo emikhakheni eyahlukene. Njengoba sibhekene nekusasa lapho kuhlangana khona izinselele namathuba, sidinga ukuqhubeka sisungula futhi sithuthukise ubuchwepheshe bezinzwa ze-IoT ukuze sibhekane nezidingo ezikhulayo zohlelo lokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi nezishintshayo futhi sikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa okunamandla komkhakha we-IoT. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe be-IoT, ngikholwa ukuthi amathuba okusebenza kwezinzwa ze-IoT azoba banzi futhi angaletha ukunethezeka nokuqamba okusha empilweni yethu.