Yintoni iModyuli ye-NFC?
Imodyuli ye-NFC, eyaziwa ngokuba yimodyuli yokufunda ye-NFC, yinxalenye yehardware edibanisa kufutshane nomsebenzi wonxibelelwano (NFC) kwisixhobo sombane okanye inkqubo. Ezi modyuli zisetyenziselwa ukunika amandla unxibelelwano lwe-NFC phakathi kwesixhobo abadityaniswe naso kunye nezinye izixhobo ezisebenza nge-NFC okanye iithegi ze-NFC. Iqukethe amacandelo ayimfuneko kuquka i-eriyali ye-NFC kunye ne-microcontroller okanye umlawuli we-NFC. Nalu ucazululo lwamacandelo aphambili afunyanwa rhoqo kwiimodyuli zeNFC:
Amacandelo angundoqo aqhelekileyo kwiimodyuli ze-NFC
1. I-eriyali ye-NFC okanye ikhoyili
I-eriyali ye-NFC yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yemodyuli, eyenza imimandla ye-electromagnetic efunekayo kunxibelelwano lwe-NFC. Inoxanduva lokuhambisa kunye nokufumana imimandla ye-electromagnetic esetyenziselwa unxibelelwano. Ubungakanani be-eriyali kunye noyilo lunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko ethile yosetyenziso kunye noyilo lwesixhobo.
2. I-Microcontroller okanye isilawuli se-NFC
Umlawuli omncinci okanye umlawuli we-NFC unoxanduva lokulawula ukusebenza kwemodyuli ye-NFC. Ijongana nemisebenzi efana nokufakwa kweekhowudi kunye nokuguqula idatha, ukulawula iiprothokholi zonxibelelwano, kunye nokulawula ukuziphatha kwemodyuli ye-NFC. Umlawuli unokuba nememori yokugcina idatha kunye ne-firmware.
3. Ujongano
Iimodyuli ze-NFC zihlala zine-interface yokuqhagamshela kwisixhobo sokusingathwa njenge-smartphone, ithebhulethi, okanye inkqubo efakwe ngaphakathi. Oku kunokuba kwimo yokudibanisa ngokomzimba (umzekelo, i-USB, i-UART, i-SPI, i-I2C) okanye i-interface engenazintambo (umzekelo, i-Bluetooth, i-Wi-Fi) kwiimodyuli ze-NFC eziphambili.
4. Ukunikezwa Amandla
Imodyuli ye-NFC ifuna amandla ukuze isebenze. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisebenza kusetyenziso lwamandla aphantsi kwaye zinokunikwa amandla ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ngokuxhomekeke kwisicelo, njengamandla e-USB, ibhetri, okanye amandla athe ngqo asuka kwisixhobo sokusingatha.
5. I-Firmware/isoftware
I-firmware kwimodyuli ye-NFC iqulethe imiyalelo yesofthiwe efunekayo ukuphatha iprotocol yonxibelelwano ye-NFC, utshintshiselwano lwedatha kunye nemisebenzi yokhuseleko. Isoftware ilawula ukuqaliswa kunye nokupheliswa konxibelelwano lwe-NFC kwaye ibonelela abaphuhlisi nge-APIs ukudibanisa ukusebenza kwe-NFC kwizicelo. I-Firmware ngamanye amaxesha inokuhlaziywa ukuxhasa izinto ezintsha okanye idilesi yobuthathaka bokhuseleko.
Isebenza njani imodyuli yeNFC
I-NFC yitekhnoloji yonxibelelwano engenazingcingo evumela ukuba idatha itshintshiswe phakathi kwezixhobo ezibini xa izixhobo zikufutshane (ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphakathi kweesentimitha ezimbalwa okanye i-intshi). Iimodyuli ze-NFC ziququzelela olu nxibelelwano kunye nomsebenzi osekwe kwimigaqo yonxibelelwano ye-electromagnetic kunye nefrikhwensi yerediyo (RF). Nantsi ingcaciso elula yendlela esebenza ngayo imodyuli ye-NFC:
Xa imodyuli ye-NFC ilayitiwe, iyaqaliswa kwaye ilungele ukunxibelelana.
1. Qala
Isixhobo siqalisa unxibelelwano lwe-NFC ngokwenza i-electromagnetic field. Intsimi iveliswa ngokuqukuqela umsinga wombane ngekhoyili ye-NFC okanye i-eriyali kwisixhobo sokuqalisa.
2. Ukufunyanwa ekujoliswe kuko
Xa esinye isixhobo (ithagethi) esenziwe i-NFC sisondela kumqalisi, ikhoyili okanye i-eriyali ye-NFC iyabhaqa kwaye ibe nemincili yintsimi ye-electromagnetic. Oku kwenza ekujoliswe kuko kuphendule kwisicelo somqalisi.
3. Utshintshiselwano lwedatha
Nje ukuba unxibelelwano lusekiwe, idatha ingatshintshwa phakathi kwezi zixhobo zimbini. I-NFC isebenzisa iiprothokholi zonxibelelwano ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa i-ISO/IEC 14443, ISO/IEC 18092, kunye neenkcukacha zeForam ye-NFC, ukuchaza indlela idatha etshintshwa ngayo phakathi kwezixhobo.
4. Funda idatha
Umqalisi unokufunda ulwazi kwithagethi efana nokubhaliweyo, i-URL, ulwazi loqhagamshelwano, okanye nayiphi na enye idatha egcinwe kwithegi ye-NFC okanye itshiphu ekujoliswe kuyo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimo kunye neprotocol esetyenzisiweyo, imodyuli ye-NFC inokuqalisa isicelo solwazi (umzekelo, ukufunda idatha kwithegi) okanye uphendule isicelo kwesinye isixhobo.
5. Bhala idatha
Umqalisi unokubhala idatha kwithagethi. Umlawuli we-NFC usebenza ngedatha efunyenweyo kwaye ayithumele kwisixhobo sokusingatha (njenge-smartphone okanye ikhompyutha) ngokusebenzisa ujongano lwayo. Umzekelo, oku ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziselwa imisebenzi efana nokudlulisa iifayile, ukuqwalasela izicwangciso, okanye ukuhlaziya ulwazi lwethegi ye-NFC.
6. Ukupheliswa
Emva kokuba utshintshiselwano lwedatha lugqityiwe okanye isixhobo siphuma kuluhlu olusondeleyo, indawo ye-electromagnetic iyaphazamiseka kwaye uqhagamshelwano lwe-NFC luyayekiswa.
7. Unxibelelwano lwamanqaku
I-NFC ikwaxhasa unxibelelwano lontanga ukuya koontanga, ivumela izixhobo ezibini ze-NFC ukuba zitshintshe idatha ngokuthe ngqo. Oku kuluncedo kwimisebenzi efana nokwabelana ngeefayile, abafowunelwa, okanye ukuqalisa olunye unxibelelwano. Umzekelo, ungasebenzisa i-NFC ukwabelana ngeefayile okanye ukuseka unxibelelwano phakathi kwee-smartphones ezimbini ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo.
Kuyafaneleka ukuqaphela ukuba i-NFC yenzelwe unxibelelwano olufutshane, iyenza ukuba ingabikho lula ekulaleleni kunezinye iitekhnoloji ezingenazingcingo njenge-Wi-Fi okanye iBluetooth, ngaloo ndlela ibonelela ngokhuseleko olongezelelweyo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwemodyuli ye-NFC
Iimodyuli zeNFC zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi, kubandakanywa kodwa kungaphelelanga apho:
1. Izixhobo eziphathwayo
Iimodyuli ze-NFC ziqhele ukufunyanwa kwii-smartphones kunye neetafile kwaye zenza imisebenzi efana neentlawulo zokungaqhagamshelwa, ukudluliselwa kwedatha koontanga, kunye nokudibanisa okusekwe kwi-NFC nezinye izixhobo.
2. Ulawulo lokufikelela
Iimodyuli ze-NFC zisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zolawulo lokufikelela ukuze zibonelele ngokungena ngokukhuselekileyo kwizakhiwo, kumagumbi okanye kwizithuthi ezisebenzisa amakhadi okanye iibheji eziziintloko ze-NFC. Abasebenzisi bafumana ukufikelela ngokucofa ikhadi le-NFC okanye ithegi kwimodyuli yokufunda.
3. Ezothutho
Itekhnoloji ye-NFC isetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokungaqhagamshelwanga kwamatikiti kunye nentlawulo yokukhwela kuthutho lukawonke-wonke. Abakhweli banokuhlawulela izithuthi zikawonke-wonke besebenzisa amakhadi e-NFC okanye izixhobo eziphathwayo.
4. Ulawulo lwempahla
Iimodyuli ze-NFC zisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zolawulo lwe-inventri ukulandelela nokulawula izinto ngokusebenzisa iithegi ze-NFC okanye iithegi.
5. Ivenkile
Iimodyuli ze-NFC zingasetyenziselwa iintlawulo zeselula kunye neentengiso kwiindawo zokuthengisa. Abathengi banokwenza iintlawulo okanye bafikelele kulwazi olongezelelweyo lwemveliso ngokucofa isixhobo sabo kwithegi okanye ithegi ekwi-NFC.
6. Isiqinisekiso seMveliso
Iithegi ze-NFC kunye neemodyuli zisetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa iimveliso kunye nokubonelela abathengi ngolwazi malunga nemveliso’s ubunyani, imvelaphi kunye nezinye iinkcukacha.
7. Ukhathalelo lwezonyango
Iimodyuli ze-NFC zisetyenziswa kukhathalelo lwempilo ukuchongwa kwesigulana, ulawulo lwamayeza, kunye nokulandelwa kwezixhobo zonyango.
8. Ukupakishwa okuhlakaniphile
I-NFC isetyenziselwa ukupakishwa okuhlakaniphile ukubonelela abathengi ngolwazi lwemveliso, ukulandelela uluhlu kunye nokubandakanya abathengi ngomxholo osebenzisanayo.
Iimodyuli ze-NFC ziya zithandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokusebenziseka kwazo ngokulula, iimpawu zokhuseleko, kunye nokuguquguquka kwezicelo ezahlukeneyo. Bavumela utshintshiselwano lwedatha olufanelekileyo, olukhuselekileyo kunye olusebenzayo phakathi kwezixhobo ezikufutshane kunye nezinto, ezizenza zilungele iimeko ezahlukeneyo.