Yintoni iModyuli ye-IoT kwaye yahluke njani kwiiSensors zeMveli?
Kweli xesha ledijithali, i-Intanethi yeZinto (IoT) iguqule yonke inkalo yobomi bethu, kubandakanywa nendlela esisebenzisana ngayo namakhaya ethu. Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwetekhnoloji ye-IoT kunye nokudityaniswa kwayo kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla, i-IoT ifumene ingqalelo enkulu. Phakathi kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo e-IoT ecosystem, iimodyuli ze-IoT kunye nezinzwa zemveli zidlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ngelixa babelana ngezinto ezifanayo, kukho umahluko ophambili phakathi kobuchwephesha obubini obufanele ukuphononongwa. Eli nqaku liza kukwazisa ukuba zeziphi iinxalenye zemodyuli ye-IoT eyahlukileyo kwiinzwa zemveli.
Yintoni imodyuli ye-IoT?
Imodyuli ye-IoT yinxalenye ephambili eyenza unxibelelwano kunye notshintshiselwano lwedatha ngaphakathi kwe-IoT ecosystem. Sisixhobo esincinci sombane esifakwe kwinto okanye kumatshini, onokudibanisa zonke izinto kwinethiwekhi engenazingcingo kwaye uthumele kwaye ufumane idatha. Imodyuli ye-IoT likhonkco elibalulekileyo elidibanisa i-cognitive layer kunye ne-transmission layer ye-Intanethi yeZinto, ukutshintsha ubomi babantu kunye nendlela yokusebenza.
Ngawaphi amacandelo emodyuli ye-IoT?
1. Iprosesa: Iprosesa yingqondo yemodyuli ye-IoT. Inoxanduva lokusebenzisa inkqubo yokusebenza, izicelo kunye neeprothokholi zonxibelelwano. Ikwalawula ukusetyenzwa kunye nohlalutyo lwedatha eqokelelwe kwi-sensors.
2. Inkumbulo: Inkumbulo yinto esetyenziswa ngumprosesa ukugcina idatha kunye neenkqubo. Iquka iMemori yoFikelelo oluNgahleliweyo (RAM) kunye neMemori yokuFunda kuphela (i-ROM). Ubungakanani bememori efunekayo buxhomekeke kubunzima besicelo se-IoT.
3. Izivamvo: Izinzwa zisetyenziselwa ukuqokelela idatha enxulumene nobushushu, ukufuma, ukukhanya, isandi, intshukumo, kunye nezinye izinto zokusingqongileyo. Zibalulekile ekubekeni iliso kwiimeko zomzimba kunye nokubonelela ngengxelo yexesha langempela kwiinkqubo ze-IoT.
4. Unxibelelwano lonxibelelwano: I-interface yonxibelelwano ngumjelo wokudlulisa idatha phakathi kwemodyuli ye-IoT kunye nezinye izixhobo. Ibandakanya ujongano olunengcingo olufana ne-Ethernet kunye namachweba e-serial, kunye ne-wireless interfaces ezifana ne-Wi-Fi, iBluetooth, kunye neenethiwekhi zeselula.
5. Ulawulo lwamandla: Ulawulo lwamandla lubhekiselele kulawulo lwamandla asetyenziswa yimodyuli ye-IoT. Ibandakanya ulawulo lwebhetri, iindlela zokugcina amandla, kunye nezinye iindlela zokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.
6. Ukhuseleko: Ukhuseleko yinxalenye ephambili yeemodyuli ze-IoT. Ibandakanya ukubethelwa, ukuqinisekiswa kunye nobunye ubuchwepheshe bokukhusela idatha kunye nokuthintela ukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga.
7. Inkqubo yokwenza: Inkqubo yokusebenza iyafuneka ukuqhuba izicelo kwimodyuli ye-IoT. Ibonelela ngeqonga lokucwangcisa kunye nokulawula iinkqubo ze-IoT.
8. Isitaki sesoftware: Isitaki sesoftware sibandakanya iiprothokholi zonxibelelwano, abaqhubi, amathala eencwadi, kunye namanye amacandelo afunekayo ukusebenzisa imodyuli ye-IoT. Babonelela ngesakhelo sophuhliso lwesoftware ye-IoT kunye nokusetyenziswa.
Ngaba iimodyuli ze-IoT zahluke njani kuluvo lwemveli?
1. Uqhagamshelwano kunye nonxibelelwano
Omnye umahluko obonakalayo phakathi kweemodyuli ze-IoT kunye neenzwa zemveli kukunxibelelana kwazo kunye namandla onxibelelwano. Izinzwa zemveli, ezifana nezinzwa zobushushu okanye zokufuma, zixhobo ezizimeleyo ezinokuthi ziqokelele idatha kuphela kwaye zinike uhlalutyo olulinganiselweyo kwisiza. Imodyuli ye-sensor ye-IoT, kwelinye icala, yenzelwe ukuqhagamshela kwi-intanethi, ibenza bakwazi ukunxibelelana nezinye izixhobo, ukudlulisa idatha kwiiseva zelifu, kwaye basebenzise i-algorithms yokufunda koomatshini kuhlalutyo oluphambili.
Iimodyuli ze-IoT zihlala zixhomekeke kwiiprothokholi zonxibelelwano ezingenazingcingo ezifana ne-Wi-Fi, iBluetooth, okanye iinethiwekhi zeselula, ezibonelela ngokuguquguquka okukhulu kunye noluhlu kunoqhagamshelo oluneentambo oluqhele ukusetyenziswa zizivamvo zemveli. Olu qhagamshelo aluphuculi kuphela ukusebenza kweemodyuli ze-IoT ezihlakaniphile, kodwa zikwavumela ukuba zidityaniswe ngaphandle komthungo kwiinethiwekhi ezinkulu ze-IoT.
2. Amandla okucubungula kunye nobukrelekrele
Omnye umahluko obalulekileyo uvela kumandla okusebenza kunye nobukrelekrele beemodyuli ze-IoT ngokuchasene nezinzwa zemveli. Abenzi boluvo bemveli badla ngokuba nezixhobo ezilinganiselweyo zekhompuyutha, nto leyo ebenza ukuba bagxile kakhulu ekuqokeleleni idatha kunye nokuhanjiswa. Ngokwahlukileyo, iimodyuli ze-sensor ye-IoT zixhotyiswe ngeeprosesa ezinamandla ngakumbi, imemori, kunye nokugcinwa, okubenza bakwazi ukwenza uhlalutyo lwedatha kwisixhobo, ukwenza izigqibo ngexesha langempela, kunye nokubangela umcimbi.
Ukongeza, iimodyuli ezihlakaniphile ze-IoT zinokubandakanya ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye ne-algorithms yokufunda koomatshini, ebenza ukuba bafunde kwaye bahlengahlengise ngokusekelwe kwidatha eqokelelweyo. Olu bulumko lwenza ukuba iimodyuli ze-IoT zingagcini nje ngokubeka iliso kwaye zibone iimeko ezithile, kodwa kunye nokubonelela ngemibono esebenzayo kunye nobuchule bokuqikelela kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo.
3. Ukuguquguquka kunye nokwenza ngokwezifiso
Iimodyuli ze-IoT zibonelela ngokuguquguquka okukhulu kunye neenketho zokwenza ngokwezifiso kunezinzwa zemveli. Abenzi boluvo bemveli badla ngokuyilelwa usetyenziso oluthile kwaye bahlala benohlengahlengiso olulinganiselweyo. Imodyuli yesivamvo se-IoT, kwelinye icala, iyilelwe ukuba ibe nezinto ezininzi ezininzi, iguquguquke, kwaye kulula ukuyicwangcisa.
Iimodyuli ze-IoT zinokudibaniswa kunye neenzwa ezahlukeneyo kunye ne-actuator, ezenza ukuba zibeke iliso kwaye zilawule iiparitha ezininzi ngaxeshanye. Ukongeza, abaphuhlisi banokusebenzisa izixhobo zophuhliso lwesoftware (SDKs) kunye neeAPIs ezibonelelwa ngabavelisi beemodyuli ze-IoT ukulungelelanisa ukusebenza kunye nokuziphatha kwezi modyuli kwiimfuno ezithile. Oku kubhetyebhetye kwenza imodyuli yesivamvo se-IoT ilungele usetyenziso olwahlukeneyo olususela kwi-automation yasekhaya ukuya kujongo lwemizi-mveliso.
Ukushwankathela, kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kweemodyuli ze-IoT kunye neenzwa zemveli ngokubhekiselele kunxibelelwano, amandla okusebenza, ubukrelekrele kunye nokuguquguquka. Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwetekhnoloji ye-IoT, iimodyuli ezininzi ze-IoT WiFi zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi.