Iyini IoT Module futhi Ihluke Kanjani Kuzinzwa Zendabuko?
Kule nkathi yedijithali, i-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT) iguqule zonke izici zokuphila kwethu, okuhlanganisa nendlela esisebenzisana ngayo namakhaya ethu. Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe be-IoT nokuhlanganiswa kwayo empilweni yethu yansuku zonke, i-IoT ithole ukunakwa okukhulu. Phakathi kwezingxenye ezihlukahlukene ze-IoT ecosystem, amamojula e-IoT nezinzwa zendabuko zidlala indima ebalulekile. Nakuba babelana ngokufana okuthile, kunomehluko oyinhloko phakathi kobuchwepheshe obubili okufanele buhlolwe. Le ndatshana izokwethula ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye zemojula ye-IoT ezihlukile kuzinzwa zendabuko.
Iyini imojula ye-IoT?
Imojula ye-IoT iyingxenye ebalulekile eyenza ukuxhumana nokushintshisana kwedatha ngaphakathi kwe-IoT ecosystem. Kuwumshini omncane we-elekthronikhi oshumekwe entweni noma emshinini, ongaxhuma zonke izinto kunethiwekhi engenantambo futhi uthumele futhi wamukele idatha. Imojula ye-IoT iyisixhumanisi esibalulekile esixhuma ungqimba lwengqondo kanye nesendlalelo sokudlulisa se-inthanethi Yezinto, sishintsha impilo yabantu nendlela yokusebenza.
Yiziphi izingxenye zemojuli ye-IoT?
1. Iphrosesa: Iprosesa ingubuchopho bemojula ye-IoT. Inesibopho sokusebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza, izinhlelo zokusebenza kanye nezinqubo zokuxhumana. Iphinde ilawule ukucutshungulwa nokuhlaziywa kwedatha eqoqwe kuzinzwa.
2. Inkumbulo: Inkumbulo yilokho iphrosesa eyisebenzisayo ukugcina idatha nezinhlelo. Ihlanganisa Inkumbulo Yokufinyelela Engahleliwe (RAM) kanye Nenkumbulo Yokufunda Kuphela (i-ROM). Inani lenkumbulo elidingekayo lincike ebunzimeni bohlelo lwe-IoT.
3. Izinzwa: Izinzwa zisetshenziselwa ukuqoqa idatha ehlobene nezinga lokushisa, umswakama, ukukhanya, umsindo, ukunyakaza, nezinye izici zemvelo. Zibalulekile ekuqapheni izimo zomzimba kanye nokunikeza impendulo yesikhathi sangempela ezinhlelweni ze-IoT.
4. Isixhumi esibonakalayo sokuxhumana: Isixhumi esibonakalayo sokuxhumana yisiteshi sokudlulisa idatha phakathi kwemojula ye-IoT namanye amadivaysi. Ihlanganisa ukuxhumana okunentambo okufana ne-Ethernet nezimbobo ze-serial, nezindawo ezingenantambo ezifana ne-Wi-Fi, i-Bluetooth, namanethiwekhi weselula.
5. Ukuphathwa kwamandla: Ukuphathwa kwamandla kubhekise ekuphathweni kwamandla asetshenziswa imojula ye-IoT. Kubandakanya ukuphathwa kwebhethri, izindlela zokonga amandla, nezinye izindlela zokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
6. Ezokuphepha: Ukuphepha kuyingxenye ebalulekile yamamojula e-IoT. Kuhlanganisa ukubethela, ukufakazela ubuqiniso nobunye ubuchwepheshe ukuvikela idatha nokuvimbela ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe.
7. Isistimu esebenzayo: Kudingeka isistimu yokusebenza ukuze uqalise izinhlelo zokusebenza kumojula ye-IoT. Ihlinzeka ngenkundla yokuhlela nokuphatha izinhlelo ze-IoT.
8. Isitaki sesoftware: Isitaki sesofthiwe sihlanganisa izimiso zokuxhumana, abashayeli, imitapo yolwazi, nezinye izinto ezidingekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe imojula ye-IoT. Bahlinzeka ngohlaka lokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe ye-IoT nezinhlelo zokusebenza.
Ahluke kanjani amamojula we-IoT kuzinzwa zendabuko?
1. Ukuxhumana nokuxhumana
Omunye umehluko ophawulekayo phakathi kwamamojula e-IoT nezinzwa zendabuko ukuxhumana kwawo namandla okuxhumana. Izinzwa zendabuko, njengezinzwa lokushisa noma umswakamo, zingamadivayisi azimele angaqoqa idatha kuphela futhi anikeze ukuhlaziya okulinganiselwe kwesayithi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imojula yenzwa ye-IoT, iklanyelwe ukuxhuma ku-inthanethi, ibenza bakwazi ukuxhumana namanye amadivaysi, badlulisele idatha kumaseva amafu, futhi basebenzise ama-algorithms okufunda komshini ukuze kuhlaziywe okuthuthukile.
Amamojula e-IoT ngokuvamile ancike kuzivumelwano zokuxhumana ezingenantambo njenge-Wi-Fi, i-Bluetooth, noma amanethiwekhi weselula, anikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu nobubanzi kunokuxhumana okunezintambo okuvame ukusetshenziswa izinzwa zendabuko. Lokhu kuxhumana akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwamamojula ahlakaniphile e-IoT, kodwa futhi kuwenza akwazi ukuhlanganiswa ngaphandle komthungo kumanethiwekhi amakhulu e-IoT.
2. Amandla okucubungula nobuhlakani
Omunye umehluko obalulekile uvela emandleni okucubungula kanye nobuhlakani bamamojula we-IoT ngokumelene nezinzwa zendabuko. Izinzwa zendabuko ngokuvamile zinezinsiza ezilinganiselwe zekhompuyutha, okuzenza zigxile kakhulu ekuqoqweni nasekudlulisweni kwedatha. Ngokuphambene, amamojula wezinzwa ze-IoT afakwe amaphrosesa anamandla, inkumbulo, nokugcinwa, okuwenza akwazi ukwenza ukuhlaziya idatha ekudivayisi, ukwenza izinqumo ngesikhathi sangempela, kanye nokucupha umcimbi.
Ukwengeza, amamojula ahlakaniphile e-IoT angahlanganisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nama-algorithms okufunda komshini, akwazi ukufunda nokuzivumelanisa nezimo ngokusekelwe kudatha eqoqiwe. Lokhu kuhlakanipha kwenza amamojula e-IoT angagcini nje ngokuqapha futhi abone izimo ezithile, kodwa futhi ahlinzeke ngemininingwane ebambekayo namandla okuqagela ezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene.
3. Ukuvumelana nezimo nokwenza ngokwezifiso
Amamojula we-IoT anikeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu nezinketho zokwenza ngokwezifiso kunezinzwa zendabuko. Izinzwa zendabuko ngokuvamile zenzelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile futhi ngokuvamile zinokulungiswa kabusha okulinganiselwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imojula yenzwa ye-IoT, yakhelwe ukuthi iguquguquke, iguquguquke, futhi ibe lula ukuyihlela.
Amamojula we-IoT angahlanganiswa nezinzwa ezihlukahlukene nama-actuator, okubenza bakwazi ukuqapha nokulawula amapharamitha amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abathuthukisi bangakwazi ukusebenzisa izinsiza zokuthuthukisa isofthiwe (ama-SDK) nama-API ahlinzekwa abakhiqizi bamamojula we-IoT ukuze bavumelanise ukusebenza nokuziphatha kwalawa mamojula ngokwezidingo ezithile. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kwenza imojula yenzwa ye-IoT ifaneleke ezinhlotsheni zezinhlelo zokusebenza kusukela kokuzenzakalela ekhaya kuya ekuqashweni kwezimboni.
Ukufingqa, kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamamojula e-IoT nezinzwa zendabuko mayelana nokuxhumana, amandla okucubungula, ubuhlakani kanye nokuguquguquka. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe be-IoT, amamojula amaningi we-IoT WiFi asetshenziswa kabanzi.